Introduction to LLM

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1.3 Entropy and Information: Quantifying Uncertainty

A clear, intuitive exploration of entropy, information, and uncertainty in Large Language Models. Learn how information theory shapes next-token prediction, why entropy matters for creativity and coherence, and how cross-entropy connects probability to learning. This section concludes Chapter 1 and prepares readers for the conceptual foundations in Chapter 2.
2025-09-06

Chapter 1 — Mathematical Intuition for Language Models

An accessible introduction to Chapter 1 of Understanding LLMs Through Math. Learn how mathematical notation, probability, entropy, and information theory form the core intuition behind modern Large Language Models. This chapter builds the foundation for understanding how LLMs generate text and quantify uncertainty.
2025-09-03

Understanding LLMs – A Mathematical Approach to the Engine Behind AI

A preview from Chapter 7.4: Discover why large language models inherit bias, the real-world risks, strategies for mitigation, and the growing role of AI governance.
2025-09-01

7.0 Future Outlook and Challenges

A preview from Chapter 7: Explore the future of large language models—ethics, efficiency, multimodal AI, and responsible governance beyond scaling.
2024-10-06

6.1 Introducing Open-Source Tools and APIs

A preview from Chapter 6.1: Explore Hugging Face, OpenAI, Google Cloud Vertex AI, and Azure Cognitive Services—leading tools to bring LLMs into your projects.
2024-10-04

4.4 How LLMs Write Code: The Rise of AI-Powered Programming Assistants

Explore how large language models (LLMs) generate and complete code from natural-language prompts, and what it means for the future of software development.
2024-09-27

4.3 LLMs in Translation and Summarization: Enhancing Multilingual Communication

Learn how Large Language Models (LLMs) leverage Transformer architectures for accurate translation and summarization, improving efficiency in business, media, and education.
2024-09-18

4.1 Exploring LLM Text Generation: Applications, Use Cases, and Future Trends

Learn how Large Language Models (LLMs) are applied in text generation for content creation, email drafting, creative writing, and chatbots. Discover the mechanics behind text generation and its real-world applications.
2024-09-16

3.3 Fine-Tuning and Transfer Learning for LLMs: Efficient Techniques Explained

Learn how fine-tuning and transfer learning techniques can adapt pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) to specific tasks efficiently, saving time and resources while improving accuracy.
2024-09-14

3.0 How to Train Large Language Models (LLMs): Data Preparation, Steps, and Fine-Tuning

Learn the key techniques for training Large Language Models (LLMs), including data preprocessing, forward and backward propagation, fine-tuning, and transfer learning. Optimize your model’s performance with efficient training methods.
2024-09-11

2.3 Key LLM Models: BERT, GPT, and T5 Explained

Discover the main differences between BERT, GPT, and T5 in the realm of Large Language Models (LLMs). Learn about their unique features, applications, and how they contribute to various NLP tasks.
2024-09-10

2.2 Understanding the Attention Mechanism in Large Language Models (LLMs)

Learn about the core attention mechanism that powers Large Language Models (LLMs). Discover the concepts of self-attention, scaled dot-product attention, and multi-head attention, and how they contribute to NLP tasks.
2024-09-09

2.1 Transformer Model Explained: Core Architecture of Large Language Models (LLM)

Discover the Transformer model, the backbone of modern Large Language Models (LLM) like GPT and BERT. Learn about its efficient encoder-decoder architecture, self-attention mechanism, and how it revolutionized Natural Language Processing (NLP).
2024-09-07

2.0 The Basics of Large Language Models (LLMs): Transformer Architecture and Key Models

Learn about the foundational elements of Large Language Models (LLMs), including the transformer architecture and attention mechanism. Explore key LLMs like BERT, GPT, and T5, and their applications in NLP.
2024-09-06

1.0 What is an LLM? A Guide to Large Language Models in NLP

Discover the basics of Large Language Models (LLMs) in natural language processing (NLP). Learn how LLMs like GPT and BERT are trained, their roles, and how they differ from traditional machine learning models.
2024-09-02

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SHO

CTO of Receipt Roller Inc., he builds innovative AI solutions and writes to make large language models more understandable, sharing both practical uses and behind-the-scenes insights.